Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that affects the lungs. It can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or fungi. When a child becomes infected, his or her lungs fill with secretions that make breathing difficult. Newborns and children with immature or altered immunity, either due to malnutrition or conditions such as HIV, are more susceptible to contracting it. Dr. Piero Gutiérrez, pediatric pulmonologist of our clinic, provides us with valuable information on this subject.

What are the symptoms of pneumonia?

• As it is a lung infection, the most common symptoms are cough, which may be dry or with phlegm, shortness of breath, and fever.
• Children may also have rapid breathing, sinking of the ribs, wheezing, sharp or stabbing chest pain that worsens when breathing or coughing. In these circumstances, it is best to go to a health center immediately so that the child can be seen by a physician.

What is the treatment of pneumonia in children?

• Treatment of pneumonia varies according to the agent causing it. For example, if it is caused by a virus, rest, fever medication, and oxygen, if necessary, are recommended. On the other hand, if it is bacterial, antibiotics are prescribed to avoid severe pneumonia, fluid accumulation in the lungs, or admission to pediatric intensive care units.
• When pneumonia, especially bacterial pneumonia, is not properly treated, it can affect a child’s respiratory capacity, limit daily activities such as walking, running, or feeding, and can even be fatal.

How to prevent it

Vaccination against pneumococcus is crucial to ensure that all children are protected against pneumonia, as well as following an adequate diet. In addition, to significantly reduce the risk of contracting this respiratory infection and exposure to the bacteria, our children should: avoid exposure to contaminated air, adopt proper hygiene practices, and wash their hands continuously.

Remember

If your child has symptoms of pneumonia, seek medical help immediately to avoid serious or life-threatening consequences.

Dr. Piero Gutiérrez
Pediatric pulmonologist of our Clínica Ricardo Palma