Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease. It affects more than 5 million people in the world and occurs when our defense system is altered and attacks the body itself, which generates inflammation and dysfunction of the organs involved. It is not contagious nor is it a type of cancer. Its exact cause is unknown, although it is known to be the result of a complex combination of genetic, hormonal and environmental factors, among others. Dr. Oscar Chigne, rheumatologist at our clinic, explains some myths and facts about lupus.

It is a disease exclusive to women. Myth. Lupus is more common in women. Seventy to ninety percent of patients are women of childbearing age. It can also affect men and children.

There is only one type of clinical presentation of Lupus. Myth. This disease has a specific genetic predisposition and a different activity profile in each patient, given the combination of multiple pathophysiological mechanisms such as demographic factors (age, sex, race or family history), environmental factors, lifestyles, some diseases or even the use of certain drugs. The clinical presentation (signs and symptoms), evolution (sudden or progressive, flare or permanent, mild or severe), complications and prognosis is different according to each case.

There is no cure. True. However, it can be managed through the use of medications and lifestyle according to its presentation. The goal of treatment is to control its symptoms and limit its progression and relapses in order to avoid major complications and a dismal prognosis.

A woman with Lupus can be a mother. It’s true. Women of childbearing age with this autoimmune disease are as fertile as others and can have healthy children. However, there are patients with severe lupus or users of certain medications that may contraindicate pregnancy. In this context, the pathology is considered a high obstetric risk factor. Therefore, it is recommended to carry out an adequate pregnancy planning together with the gynecologist and rheumatologist to reduce the risk of complications for both the baby and the mother.

Stress promotes Lupus episodes. True. In addition to professional control, among the non-pharmacological measures for the control of this condition, it is essential to avoid negative emotional states and stress as much as possible. These conditions can lead to altered immune responses and contribute to the activation of the disease, favoring relapses in people with inactive lupus. Thus, family and social support, reducing the level of daily activity if necessary, maintaining a good sleep and rest routine, as well as regular low-impact exercise, adapted to the needs and limitations of each patient for optimal control of mental health, should be emphasized.

It only affects the skin. Myth. Among the different manifestations of lupus, the systemic variety predominates, that is, the one that can affect multiple organs and body systems, including the skin. Skin manifestations may in many cases be the first sign and precede the progression of systemic lupus, requiring early recognition for timely treatment to prevent progression.

Dr. Oscar Chigne
Rheumatologist at Clínica Ricardo Palma