Diabetic retinopathy is a common eye disease in people with diabetes, caused by elevated blood sugar levels. This disorder damages the blood vessels in the retina, causing swelling, fluid leakage and blocked blood flow. In addition, it can generate new abnormal blood vessels in the retina, increasing the risk of vision loss. Dr. Fiorella Norabuena, ophthalmologist at our clinic, provides valuable information about this condition.

What are the symptoms of diabetic retinopathy?

Diabetic retinopathy usually has no symptoms in its early stages. As it worsens, symptoms may occur:

• Blurred visión
• Seeing blank or dark areas in the field of vision
• Perception of an increased number of what are commonly referred to as ” floaters”.
• Vision that changes from blurry to clear
• Poor night vision
• Noticing that colors appear dim or dull
• Losing visión

How is diabetic retinopathy diagnosed?

The specialist will place ophthalmic drops in the eye to dilate the pupil, in order to be able to observe the inside of the eye. Subsequently, he/she will opt for the following diagnostic methods:

• Fluorescein angiography: A yellow dye is injected into a vein, usually in the arm. A special camera then takes pictures of the retina as the dye circulates through the blood vessels, revealing possible blockages or abnormalities.
• Optical coherence tomography (OCT): Provides detailed retinal thickness imaging to detect and measure swelling of the macula (part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed central vision).
• Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA): Advanced technique that allows detailed and non-invasive visualization and analysis of the retinal blood vessels.

Tips for preventing vision loss due to diabetic retinopathy:

• Keep your blood sugar level under control, consulting with your doctor about strategies to control it properly.
• Seek medical guidance if you have high blood pressure or kidney problems, to manage and treat these conditions.
• Visit the ophthalmologist regularly for dilated pupil eye exams, which will detect diabetic retinopathy before it causes vision problems.
• Pay attention to any change in vision and see an ophthalmologist immediately if you notice any alteration in one or both eyes.
• Receive treatment for diabetic retinopathy as soon as possible, as this is the best way to prevent vision loss.

Dr. Fiorella Norabuena
Ophthalmologist at Clínica Ricardo Palma