A bunion is a protrusion of bone that forms at the joint at the base of the big toe. Some of the bones shift and rotate causing the tip of the toe to point towards the smaller toes, forcing the joint at the base of the big toe to protrude, often painful. This time, Dr. Baldwin Angelino, orthopedic surgeon at Clinica Ricardo Palma, will give us more information.

Causes and risk factors

The exact cause on how bunions occur is unknown. Possible causes include:

• Inheritance
• Injuries or traumatic sequelae in the feet
• Diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis

Among the risk factors that can contribute to the appearance of bunions are:

• Wearing high heels
• Use of shoes that do not accommodate the foot

Symptoms

The symptoms are the following:

• Bulge on the outside of the base of the big toe
• Swelling, redness, or pain around the big toe joint
• Corns or calluses that often form when the first and second toes rub against each other
• Ongoing pain or pain that comes and goes
• Limited movement of the big toe

Diagnosis

The easiest way to diagnose a bunion is through a physical exam. This diagnosis can be complemented with some X-rays of the foot and other tests as required by the specialist, as it will help him/her to have a better assessment of the case.

Treatment

Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the bunion and how much pain it causes you.

Conservative or non-surgical treatment

• New shoes. These should be roomy and comfortable so that they provide enough room for your toes
• Medication intake. Local or oral anti-inflammatories will help in cases of pain or local inflammatory conditions
• Shoe insoles. Cushioned insoles can help distribute pressure evenly when your feet move
• Ice application. Applying ice can help relieve pain and swelling. It is important to consult a specialist beforehand.
• Spacer-type orthoses. Its benefit is not proven, but it can relieve certain symptoms

Surgical treatment

If conservative treatment does not relieve symptoms and pain becomes frequent, interfering with daily activities, surgery may be necessary. There are many surgical procedures for bunions, the indication and the moment will depend on each case.

Dr. Baldwin Angelino
Orthopedic Surgeon at Clínica Ricardo Palma