Allergic conjunctivitis is a very common entity that occurs when the eyes react to an allergen. This causes the release of a substance called histamine, and as a result, the most common symptoms of this condition are produced. Dr. María Zúñiga, an ophthalmologist at our clinic, teaches us how to recognize the symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis, what to do about it, and how to prevent it.

What are the most common symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis and how is it different from other forms of conjunctivitis?

• The most common symptoms are red eye, ocular itching, tearing, and occasionally swelling of the eyelids.
• Unlike other types of conjunctivitis, it is not contagious and is usually associated with other allergic conditions such as rhinitis, asthma, or atopic dermatitis.

What are the most common causes of allergic conjunctivitis?

• When the allergen comes into contact with the eyes, the mast cells release histamine and other substances to fight them, producing the symptoms.
• Among the multiple triggers are pet hair, dust, pollen, perfumes, smoke, molds, some foods, etc.

How to treat allergic conjunctivitis?

• Topical antihistamines and mast cell stabilizers relieve itching, tearing, and irritation and are used 1 to 2 times daily (depending on the medication).
• Topical corticosteroids help with chronic and severe allergy symptoms; however, they should never be used without medical supervision.
• Artificial tear drops can help to temporarily eliminate allergens and soothe dry eyes irritated by the condition.

How can we prevent allergic conjunctivitis?

The key to avoiding this condition is to avoid contact with the substances that cause it. Therefore, in many cases, the evaluation of an allergist is necessary. Prevention depends on the allergen that triggers the condition:

• In case of pollen allergy, avoid going outdoors when pollen concentration is at its highest (mid-morning and evening).
• If mold is the trigger, clean damp spaces frequently and consider using a dehumidifier.
• If dust mites are the cause, consider keeping dust mites away from skin contact and wash bedding regularly in hot water.

Our specialist recommends:

• Avoid rubbing your eyes, as this only makes the symptoms worse.
• Avoid using over-the-counter topical decongestants for more than 2 to 3 days, as they may worsen irritation.
• Visit your ophthalmologist regularly to rule out any eye conditions.

Dr. María Zúñiga
Ophthalmologist at Clínica Ricardo Palma