Ovarian cysts are frequent and generally benign. Although most of them disappear without symptoms, non-functional ones require gynecobstetric follow-up to prevent problems. Surgery may be necessary if the cyst grows or malignancy is suspected, says Dr. Rosa Arrunátegui, a gynecologist at our clinic, who gives us more information on the subject.

What are ovarian cysts?

The ovaries are organs located on either side of the uterus. Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs or other tissue that form in or on the ovaries, the most common being functional cysts, which form during ovulation.

What are its symptoms?

Most ovarian cysts produce no symptoms and are discovered during routine examinations or by medical imaging. Some may cause abdominal pain. Large cysts may cause ovarian torsion, generating sudden sharp pain in the abdomen. Hemorrhagic cysts can cause sudden severe pain.

The risk of developing an ovarian cyst is higher in these cases:

• Hormonal problems. This may include the use of fertility-enhancing medications that stimulate ovulation, such as clomiphene or letrozole.
• Occasionally, the follicle that forms during ovulation remains in the ovary throughout the pregnancy and may sometimes increase in size.
• Some of this tissue may adhere to the ovary, leading to the formation of a cyst.
• Severe pelvic infection. If the infection spreads to the ovaries, it can cause cysts.
• Previous ovarian cysts

How are ovarian cysts diagnosed?

Diagnosis is made by clinical examination, analysis of tumor markers in some cases, and diagnostic tests such as transvaginal ultrasound or transabdominal ultrasound.

When should you seek medical assistance?

• Pelvic or abdominal pain of acute or sudden onset
• Changes in the menstrual cycle
• Feeling of abdominal bloating
• Rapid sensation of fullness

Remember:

Don’t forget to have an annual gynecological check-up to detect ovarian cysts or other possible conditions that could compromise your health.

Dr. Rosa Arrunátegui
Gynecologist at Clínica Ricardo Palma