The thyroid is a gland located in the front of the throat; this gland is responsible for producing thyroid hormones, which provide energy to the body, regulate metabolism, among other important health functions. However, when this gland does not produce enough hormones, it can have a negative impact on our body. This condition is known as hypothyroidism and on this occasion, Dr. Jesús Rocca, an endocrinologist at Clinica Ricardo Palma, give us more information on the subject.

Main risk factors

Among the most important risk factors are:

• Autoimmune diseases such as: vitiligo, type 1 diabetes, pernicious anemia or disorders such as dry eye, arthritis, among others.
• Family background. If there is a member in the family who suffers from a thyroid disease, they should have regular check-ups.
• People 60 years of age or older. The frequency of hypothyroidism increases with advancing age.

Symptoms

The symptoms of hypothyroidism can vary depending on the severity in which it occurs, these may include:

• Fatigue
• Little concentration
• Constipation
• Emotional instability
• Menstrual disorders
• Joint pain
• Sensitivity to cold
• Goiter (increased volume of the thyroid gland)

Treatment

The treatment consists of replacing the hormone that the thyroid gland no longer produces by means of Levothyroxine (T4), a thyroid hormone equal to that produced by the thyroid. In 90% of cases the treatment is for life.

Complications

If the patient suffering from hypothyroidism is not properly treated by a specialist, their discomfort will increase affecting their quality of life, notably increasing cardiovascular risk.

Dr. Jesús Rocca
Endocrinologist de la Clínica Ricardo Palma