Hydrocephalus is a common neurological condition in children caused by excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain. This can increase the pressure in the brain and cause serious damage if not treated in time. Dr. Jose Luis Urquizo, neurosurgeon at our clinic, provides key information about this condition.
What are the causes of hydrocephalus?
- Hydrocephalus may be: Congenital. It is present from birth due to malformations in the brain or ventricles.
- Acquired. Occurs throughout life due to factors such as brain tumors, hemorrhages, infections or traumatic brain injury.
Symptoms of hydrocephalus vary according to the age of the child:
- In infants. Abnormal enlargement of the head, bulging fontanelles, vomiting, irritability, drowsiness and growth retardation.
- In older children. Persistent headache, blurred vision, coordination problems, urinary incontinence and alterations in mental status.
How is hydrocephalus diagnosed?
Diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation by a pediatric neurosurgeon, who may request the following studies:
- Transfontanelar ultrasound. In infants.
- Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. To observe the size of the ventricles.
- Lumbar puncture. In some cases, to measure fluid pressure and rule out infection.
- Prenatal ultrasound. Hydrocephalus can be detected during pregnancy.
Treatment of hydrocephalus is usually surgical and includes two main options:
- Ventriculoperitoneal bypass. It comprises the placement of a catheter that drains excess cerebrospinal fluid from the ventricles to the abdominal cavity, where it is absorbed by the body.
- Third endoscopic ventriculostomy. It is performed using an endoscope that creates an opening in the third ventricle of the brain, allowing fluid to flow naturally.
Remember:
- With timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment, many children with hydrocephalus can lead a normal life.
- It is essential to see a specialist at any warning sign to ensure the best possible prognosis.
Dr. José Luis Urquizo
Neurosurgeon at Clínica Ricardo Palma
