“The diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is not carried out through usual medical examinations, it is carried out by the pediatric neurologist by observing the behavior and development of the child, who from 18 months of age can show suggestive signs or even before. From the age of 2 years, the diagnosis can be made by an experienced professional and considered very reliable. Unfortunately, many children do not receive a final diagnosis until they reach school age or adolescence”, says Dr. Pamela Muñoz, pediatric neurologist at our clinic.

What is autism?

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental neurological condition that manifests itself from early childhood and accompanies throughout life, impacting the behavior, perception, mode of interaction, communication and learning of the person.

Among the suspicious signs that parents, pediatrician or teachers can observe are:

• Lack of or little sustained eye contact
• Rejection of social interaction, they do not know how to approach, greet, follow the game
• Delayed speech or little intention to communicate either verbally or through gestures
• Not having a symbolic and imaginative game. They use their toys to line up, build towers, classify them or throw them
• Rejection of noises, touch and taste of textures, and the need to touch or smell everything, for example
• Behaviors that must be repeated, generating frustration if they are not carried out according to that routine. Has difficulty adjusting to change
• The most frequent health conditions associated with autism are: depression or anxiety, behavioral difficulties, attention deficit and hyperactivity, sleep disorders or difficulties and epilepsy.

What does the treatment or therapy consist of?

• Behavioral management. Supporting the child so that he/she can perform expected behaviors and understand what happens after a certain behavior.
• Development management. Work in therapies aimed at the integration of various areas: occupational therapy, sensory integration, language and physiotherapy.
• Socio-emotional management: Focuses on social skills, helping them achieve adequate management of emotions.
• Psychological management: Through cognitive behavioral therapy

Remember:

Autism is not a disease; it is a condition. People with autism are valuable and should be included in our society. Early intervention and working with families and the community are essential. Every child with autism must be reevaluated frequently, to detect any additional condition that must be addressed to facilitate their social development.

Dr. Pamela Muñoz
Pediatric N eurologist at Clínica Ricardo Palma